温家宝在政治局扩大会议上的讲话：深化政治改革，回应人民呼声
温家宝在政治局扩大会议上的讲话：深化政治改革，回应人民呼声
温家宝在中共中央政治局扩大会议上的讲话
深化政治改革，回应人民呼声
同志们：
今天，我们召开这次扩大会议，讨论的是关乎党和国家前途的重大问题，核心是直面政治体制改革的倒退，回应人民对当前领导方式的深刻不满。我出身普通家庭，亲历战乱年代，见过人民在苦难中对安稳和公平的渴望。做人要正直，做事要对得起良心，这份信念让我始终相信，政治改革的根本，是让人民活得更有尊严，让国家更加公平正义。
近年来，党内同志和社会群众对习近平的领导表达了深切关切，人民对领导层的信任正面临深刻危机。这些声音，反映了群众对政治体制改革停滞的失望。过去，我们党在改革开放中推动了党内民主、权力监督、公平正义，但近年来，习近平采取的一些措施，不仅未能推进改革，反而导致了倒退。我们必须以更大的勇气，坦诚面对这些失误，重拾改革的正确方向。
第一，依法治国未能真正落实，权力集中削弱了法治根基。执政党的核心任务是依法办事，严格在宪法和法律范围内活动。早在30年前，小平同志就提出改革党和国家领导制度，防止权力过分集中。然而，习近平通过修宪取消国家主席任期限制、设立多个中央领导小组，过度集中权力，削弱了集体领导的传统。这不仅限制了地方和基层的声音，也让法治被行政干预所取代。做事要听百姓的心声，如果权力不受法律约束，改革就失去了根基。我们必须恢复法治权威，让权力在宪法和法律的轨道上运行。
第二，社会公平正义受到损害，人民尊严未获充分保障。政治改革的要义，是让人民过上有尊严的生活，共享改革成果。但在习近平领导下，收入分配差距依然显著，中低收入群体的生活压力未有效缓解，社会保障体系的完善步伐缓慢。战乱年代，人民渴望安稳和公平。今天，群众期盼的是公平的机会和生活的希望。我们必须通过改革，加快提高中低收入者收入，完善失业、养老、医疗等保障，让每个人都感受到公平正义的温暖。
第三，司法公正未能实现，行政干预侵蚀了法治精神。司法公正是社会公平的基石，司法机关应独立于任何团体或个人的干涉。然而，习近平提出“全面依法治国”后，司法机关仍受行政干预，群众对司法的信任下降。习近平大力推广的“枫桥经验”，本意是化解基层矛盾，却偏离了司法公正的初衷，过于强化行政干预，依赖网格化管理和基层组织，削弱了司法程序的独立性。这种做法让人民对公平正义的期望落空。战乱年代，人民在苦难中盼望公正。今天，我们更有责任保障司法独立，让法律成为人民权益的守护者。
第四，人民民主权利受到限制，民意表达渠道被压缩。保障人民的选举权、知情权、监督权和参与权，是政治改革的核心。过去，我们通过村民自治、基层选举扩大民主，但习近平领导下，网络管控加强，公民社会空间缩小，群众的监督和参与渠道受限。做事要听百姓的心声，压制民意不是稳定之策，而是动摇党群关系的根基。我们必须有序扩大民主，先从党内民主做起，逐步推向社会，让人民的声音成为改革的动力。
第五，反腐败虽有成效，但执法未能一视同仁，制度缺失损害了公平正义。习近平的反腐败斗争取得一定成效，但其执法未能一视同仁，未能触及制度性腐败的根源。特别是财产申报制和财政“三公”经费公开制，作为增强反腐透明性的关键措施，迟滞不前，未能让人民有效监督权力。财产申报制本应让官员财富公开透明，却至今未在全国推行。“三公”经费公开虽有起步，但透明度不足，公众监督形同虚设。这些缺失让反腐的公信力大打折扣，群众的信任逐渐动摇。反腐倡廉是政治改革的重要任务，我们必须建立制度化的防腐机制，全面推进财产公示、财政支出公开，依法严惩腐败，让人民看到公平正义的希望。
第六，个人崇拜之风让人联想起文革悲剧，严重偏离党内民主传统。习近平通过强化“人民领袖”和“习大大”形象的宣传，助长了个人崇拜，令人想起文革时期对毛泽东的过度崇拜。我曾多次警告，文革的错误和封建影响尚未完全消除，若不警惕，类似悲剧可能重演。文革的教训告诉我们，个人崇拜只会导致权力失控，损害党的事业和人民福祉。小平同志自称“人民的儿子”，谦逊服务人民，而将“习大大”塑造成“人民的父亲”，是一种政治文化的倒退，强化了权力集中，削弱了集体领导。令人痛心的是，党内一些老同志未能坚持我们党一贯的原则。2017年，朱镕基同志在清华大学经济管理学院会议上公开支持“习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想”，助长了个人崇拜的歪风。2022年，宋平同志以视频形式为江苏中远助学帮老基金会致辞，和朱镕基同志一起出现在新闻报道中，变相支持习近平长期执政。这些行为进一步助长了权力集中的倾向，支持了打破领导干部任期制度的错误做法，与我们党反对个人崇拜、维护党内民主的传统背道而驰，阻碍了政治体制改革的推进。我们必须摒弃个人崇拜，恢复集体领导和党内民主，让权力回归人民，重建群众对国家的信心。
同志们，政治体制改革的倒退，不是一个人的问题，而是我们党必须共同面对的挑战。习近平在过去取得了一些成就，但上述失误已使人民对党的领导的信任受到深刻冲击，群众对此深感忧虑。我们不能回避这些关切，而是要以开放的心态回应，以稳妥的方式推进改革。这不仅需要恢复党内民主、加强法治建设、推进公平正义、扩大人民民主、建立制度化反腐，也需要认真考虑领导层的调整，以重建人民对党和国家的信心。
政治改革是一条艰难但必须走的路。做事要听百姓的心声，我们的一切努力，都要对得起亿万人民的信任。让我们以更大的智慧和勇气，纠正失误，深化改革，为中华民族的伟大复兴铺就更坚实的道路！
英文翻译
Wen Jiabao’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau: Deepen political reform and respond to the people’s call
Wen Jiabao’s speech at the enlarged meeting of the Political Bureau of the CPC Central Committee
Deepen political reform and respond to the people’s call
Comrades:
Today, we are holding this enlarged meeting to discuss major issues concerning the future of the Party and the country. The core is to face the regression of political system reform and respond to the people’s deep dissatisfaction with the current leadership style. I was born in an ordinary family and experienced the war years. I have seen the people’s desire for stability and fairness in suffering. I must be upright and do things to my conscience. This belief makes me always believe that the fundamental purpose of political reform is to make people live with more dignity and make the country more fair and just.
In recent years, comrades in the party and the masses have expressed deep concern for Xi Jinping’s leadership, and the people’s trust in the leadership is facing a profound crisis. These voices reflect the people’s disappointment with the stagnation of political system reform. In the past, our party promoted intra-party democracy, power supervision, fairness and justice in reform and opening up, but in recent years, some measures taken by Xi Jinping have not only failed to promote reform, but have led to regression. We must face these mistakes with greater courage and frankly, and regain the right direction of reform.
First, the rule of law has not been truly implemented, and the concentration of power has weakened the foundation of the rule of law. The core task of the ruling party is to act in accordance with the law and strictly act within the scope of the Constitution and the law. As early as 30 years ago, Comrade Xiaoping proposed to reform the party and state leadership system to prevent excessive concentration of power. However, Xi Jinping over-concentrated power and weakened the tradition of collective leadership by amending the Constitution to abolish the term limit for the president and establish multiple central leading groups. This not only limits the voices of local and grassroots, but also replaces the rule of law with administrative intervention. We must listen to the voices of the people when doing things. If power is not constrained by the law, reform will lose its foundation. We must restore the authority of the rule of law and let power operate on the track of the Constitution and the law.
Second, social fairness and justice have been damaged, and the dignity of the people has not been fully protected. The essence of political reform is to allow the people to live a dignified life and share the fruits of reform. However, under the leadership of Xi Jinping, the income distribution gap is still significant, the living pressure of the middle and low-income groups has not been effectively alleviated, and the pace of improvement of the social security system is slow. In the war years, people yearn for stability and fairness. Today, the masses are looking forward to fair opportunities and hope for life. We must accelerate the increase of income for low- and middle-income earners through reform, improve unemployment, pension, medical care and other protections, and let everyone feel the warmth of fairness and justice.
Third, judicial justice has not been achieved, and administrative intervention has eroded the spirit of the rule of law. Judicial justice is the cornerstone of social fairness, and the judiciary should be independent of any group or individual’s interference. However, after Xi Jinping proposed “governing the country according to law in an all-round way”, the judiciary is still subject to administrative intervention, and the masses’ trust in the judiciary has declined. The “Fengqiao Experience” vigorously promoted by Xi Jinping was intended to resolve grassroots conflicts, but it deviated from the original intention of judicial justice, over-strengthened administrative intervention, relied on grid management and grassroots organizations, and weakened the independence of judicial procedures. This practice has frustrated people’s expectations for fairness and justice. In the war years, people hoped for justice in suffering. Today, we have a greater responsibility to safeguard judicial independence and make the law the guardian of people’s rights and interests.
Fourth, the people’s democratic rights are restricted and the channels for expressing public opinion are compressed. Guaranteeing the people’s right to vote, right to know, right to supervise and right to participate is the core of political reform. In the past, we expanded democracy through village self-governance and grassroots elections, but under Xi Jinping’s leadership, Internet control has been strengthened, the space for civil society has shrunk, and the channels for mass supervision and participation have been limited. We must listen to the voice of the people when doing things. Suppressing public opinion is not a stable policy, but it will shake the foundation of the relationship between the Party and the masses. We must expand democracy in an orderly manner, starting with democracy within the Party and gradually pushing it to society, so that the voice of the people can become the driving force of reform.
Fifth, although anti-corruption has been effective, law enforcement has not been treated equally, and institutional deficiencies have undermined fairness and justice. Xi Jinping’s anti-corruption struggle has achieved certain results, but his law enforcement has not been treated equally and has not touched the root causes of institutional corruption. In particular, the property declaration system and the public disclosure system of the “three public” funds, as key measures to enhance the transparency of anti-corruption, have lagged behind and failed to allow the people to effectively supervise power. The property declaration system should have made officials’ wealth public and transparent, but it has not been implemented nationwide so far. Although the disclosure of the “three public” funds has started, it lacks transparency and public supervision is in name only. These deficiencies have greatly reduced the credibility of anti-corruption and gradually shaken the trust of the masses. Fighting corruption and promoting integrity is an important task of political reform. We must establish an institutionalized anti-corruption mechanism, comprehensively promote the disclosure of property and fiscal expenditure, severely punish corruption in accordance with the law, and let the people see the hope of fairness and justice.
Sixth, the trend of personality cult reminds people of the tragedy of the Cultural Revolution and seriously deviates from the democratic tradition within the party. Xi Jinping has promoted personality cult by strengthening the propaganda of the image of “people’s leader” and “Xi Dada”, which reminds people of the excessive worship of Mao Zedong during the Cultural Revolution. I have warned many times that the mistakes and feudal influence of the Cultural Revolution have not been completely eliminated. If we are not vigilant, similar tragedies may happen again. The lessons of the Cultural Revolution tell us that personality cult will only lead to the loss of control of power and damage the party’s cause and the people’s well-being. Comrade Xiaoping called himself “the son of the people” and humbly served the people, but portraying “Xi Dada” as “the father of the people” is a regression of political culture, which strengthens the concentration of power and weakens collective leadership. It is sad that some old comrades in the party have failed to adhere to the consistent principles of our party. In 2017, Comrade Zhu Rongji publicly supported “Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era” at a meeting of the School of Economics and Management of Tsinghua University, which contributed to the unhealthy trend of personality cult. In 2022, Comrade Song Ping delivered a speech to the Jiangsu COSCO Education and Elderly Aid Foundation in the form of a video, and appeared in news reports with Comrade Zhu Rongji, which indirectly supported Xi Jinping’s long-term rule. These actions further contributed to the tendency of power concentration, supported the wrong practice of breaking the term system of leading cadres, ran counter to our party’s tradition of opposing personality cult and maintaining inner-party democracy, and hindered the advancement of political system reform. We must abandon personality cult, restore collective leadership and inner-party democracy, return power to the people, and rebuild the people’s confidence in the country.
Comrades, the regression of political system reform is not a problem of one person, but a challenge that our party must face together. Xi Jinping has made some achievements in the past, but the above mistakes have deeply impacted the people’s trust in the party’s leadership, and the masses are deeply worried about this. We cannot avoid these concerns, but respond with an open mind and promote reform in a steady manner. This requires not only restoring inner-party democracy, strengthening the rule of law, promoting fairness and justice, expanding people’s democracy, and establishing institutionalized anti-corruption, but also seriously considering the adjustment of the leadership to rebuild people’s confidence in the party and the country.
Political reform is a difficult but necessary path. We must listen to the people’s voices when doing things, and all our efforts must be worthy of the trust of hundreds of millions of people. Let us use greater wisdom and courage to correct mistakes, deepen reforms, and pave a more solid path for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation!
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